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2020-12-04
- Chapter 14 - Cosmic Samples and The Origins of the Solar System
- 14.1 Meteors
- Learning Objectives
- Explain what a meteor is and why it is visible in the night sky
- Describe the origins of meteor showers
- Learning Objectives
- 14.2 Meteorites: Stones from Heaven
- Learning Objectives
- Explain the origin of meteorites and the difference between a meteor and a meteorite
- Describe how most meteorites have been found
- Explain how primitive stone meteorites are significantly different from other types
- Explain how the study of meteorites informs our understanding of the age of the Solar System
- Learning Objectives
- 14.3 Formation of the Solar System
- Learning Objectives
- Describe the motion, chemical, and age constraints that must be met by any theory of solar system formation
- Summarize the physical and chemical changes during the solar nebula stage of solar system formation
- Explain the formation process of the terrestrial and giant planets
- Describe the main events of the further evolution of the Solar System
- Learning Objectives
- 14.4 Comparison With Other Planetary Systems
- Learning Objectives
- Describe how the observations of protoplanetary disks provides evidence for the existence of other planetary systems
- Explain the two primary methods for detection of exoplanets
- Compare the main characteristics of other planetary systems with the features of the Solar System
- Learning Objectives
- 14.5 Planetary Evolution
- Learning Objectives
- Describe the geological activity during the evolution of the planets, particularly the terrestrial planets
- Describe the factors that affect differences in elevation on the terrestrial planets
- Explain how the differences in atmosphere on Venus, Earth, and Mars evolved from similar starting points in the early history of the Solar System
- Learning Objectives
- 14.1 Meteors
- Chapter 21 - The Birth of Stars and the Discovery of Planets Outside the Solar System
- 21.1 Star Formation
- Learning Objectives
- Identify the sometimes-violent processes by which parts of a molecular cloud collapse to produce stars
- Recognize some of the structures seen in images of molecular clouds like the one in Orion
- Explain how the environment of a molecular cloud enables the formation of stars
- Describe how advancing waves of star formation cause a molecular cloud to evolve
- Learning Objectives
- 21.2 The H-R Diagram and the Study of Stellar Evolution
- Learning Objectives
- Determine the age of a protostar using an H-R diagram and the protostar's luminosity and temperature
- Explain the interplay between gravity and pressure, and how the contracting protostar changes its position in the H-R diagram as a result
- Learning Objectives
- 21.3 Evidence that Planets Form Around Other Stars
- Learning Objectives
- Trace the evolution of dust surrounding a protostar, leading to the development of rocky planets and gas giants
- Estimate the timescale for growth of planets using observations of the disks surrounding young stars
- Evaluate evidence for planets around forming stars based on the structures seen in images of the circumstellar dust disks
- Learning Objectives
- 21.4 Planets Beyond the Solar System: Search and Discovery
- Learning Objectives
- Describe the orbital motion of planets in our solar system using Johannes Kepler's laws of planetary motion
- Compare the indirect and direct observational techniques for exoplanet
- Learning Objectives
- 21.1 Star Formation