Programming Paradigm

• Programming patterns

Imperative Paradigm

• Influenced by the von Neumann architecture and the model of executing sequential instructions
• Program describes processing necessary to solve the problem
• Characterized by:
  • Sequential execution of instructions
  • Use of variables that represent memory locations
  • Use of assignment statements that change the values of those variables
• Programming languages
  • FORTRAN
  • BASIC
  • C
  • Pascal
  • Cpp (C++)

Procedural Paradigm

• Statements are grouped into subprograms
• Program is a hierarchy of subprograms
• Each subprogram performs a specific task necessary to the solution of the overall program

Object-Oriented Paradigm

• A world interacting with objects
• Each object has responsibility for its own actions
• Objects are considered active
  • The code that manipulates them are bundled together
  • Objects are responsible for their own manipulation
• Programming languages
  • Java
  • Python

Declarative Paradigm

• Results are described but the steps to accomplish the results are not stated

Functional Model

• Based on mathematical concept of functions
• Computation is expressed in terms of the evaluation of functions
• Solution is expressed in terms of function calls
• Programming languages
  • Lisp

Logic Programming

• Based on principles of symbolic logic
• Comprises a set of facts about objects and a set of rules about relationships among the objects
• Program consists of asking questions about these objects and their relationships